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Tuesday, 7 January 2020

INDIA - SIZE & LOCATION


India is a vast country,lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere.
The main land extends between latitudes 8°4'N and 37°6'N and longitudes 68°7'E and 97°25'E.

South of about 22° north latitude, it begins to taper, and extends towards the Indian Ocean, 
dividing it into two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on its east.

The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.
In India Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, 
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°.

From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of two hours. Hence, time along the 
Standard Meridian of India (82°30'E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken
 as the standard time for the whole country.

India is the seventh largest country of  the world.The land mass of India has an area of 
3.28 million square km. India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total 
geographical area of the world. 

India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coastline of the mainland, 
including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km.

India has 29 states and seven Union Territories

India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), 
Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. 

Our southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries Sri Lanka and
 the Maldives. 
Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and
 the Gulf of Mannar, while Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands.


In India, the states of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and 
Arunachal Pradesh share their borders with China.

The Indian states that touch the border with Nepal are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
 West Bengal and Sikkim

The Indian states of West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Assam share their borders
  with Bhutan. The Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India are divided by an international 
boundary that is about 699 km long.


Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, 
Mizoram, and Manipur. 




(i)Lakshadweep Islands lie in the Arabian Sea.  
(ii)Russia, Canada, USA, China, Australia and Brazil are the countries that are larger than India.
(iii)Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the South-East of India.  
(iv)Sri Lanka and the Maldives are the two island countries that are the Southern neighbours of India.

The number of Union Territories along the western and eastern coasts.

Union Territories on the western coast of India are — Diu and Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 
Mahe (Pondicherry) and Lakshadweep.

Union Territories on the eastern coast of India are — Pondicherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Area-wise which is the smallest and which is the largest state?
Largest State: Rajasthan
Smallest State: Goa



The states which do not have an international border or lie on the coast.
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Telangana.

• Classify the states into four groups each having common frontiers with
(i) Pakistan, (ii) China, (iii) Myanmar, and (iv) Bangladesh.
(i) States having common frontiers with Pakistan are Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, 
Gujarat.
(ii) States having common frontiers with China are Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii) States having common frontiers with Myanmar are Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, 
Mizoram.
(iv) States having common frontiers with Bangladesh are Meghalaya, Assam. West Bengal, 
Tripura.



References : NCERT _CONTEMPORARY INDIA - I @ INTERNET

Monday, 6 January 2020

Important Days and Dates of a Year


Important Days and Dates of January

  • January 4: World Braille Day
  • January 9: NRI Day
  • January 10: World Hindi Day
  • January 12: World Youth Day
  • January 15: Army Day
  • January 25: National Voters Day
  • January 26: India’s Republic day, International Customs Day
  • January 27: International Day of Commemoration
  • January 30: Martyrs’ Day
  • January (last Sunday): World Leprosy Eradication Day

Important Days and Dates of February

  • February 2: World Wetlands Day
  • February 4: World Cancer Day
  • February 6: International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation
  • February (second day of the second week of February): Safer Internet Day
  • February 10: National De-worming Day
  • February 11: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
  • February 12: National Productivity Day
  • February 13: World Radio Day, World Women’s Day
  • February 14: Valentine’s Day
  • February 20: World Day of Social Justice
  • February 21: International Mother Language Day
  • February 24: Central Excise Day
  • February 28: National Science Day

Important Days and Dates of March

  • March 1: Zero Discrimination Day; World Civil Defence Day
  • March 3: World Wildlife Day, World Hearing Day
  • March 4: National Security Day
  • March 8: International Women’s Day
  • March (2nd Thursday in March): World Kidney Day
  • March (2nd Wednesday in March): No Smoking Day
  • March 15: World Disabled Day; World Consumer Rights Day
  • March 16: World Sleep Day
  • March 18: Ordnance Factories Day (India)
  • March 20: International Day of happiness; World Sparrow Day
  • March 21: World Forestry Day; World Down Syndrome Day; World Poetry Day
  • March 22: World Day for Water
  • March 23: World Meteorological Day
  • March 24: World TB Day
  • March 27: World Theatre Day

Important Days and Dates of April

  • April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
  • April 4: International Day for Mine Awareness
  • April 5: National Maritime Day
  • April 7: World Health Day
  • April 10: World Homeopathy Day
  • April 11: National Safe Motherhood Day; National Pet Day
  • April 17: World Haemophilia Day
  • April 18: World Heritage Day
  • April 19: World Liver Day
  • April 21: Secretaries Day; Civil Services Day
  • April 22: Earth Day
  • April 23: World Book and Copyright Day
  • April 24: National Panchayati Day
  • April 25: World Malaria Day
  • April 26: World Intellectual property Day
  • April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work; World Veterinary Day
  • April 29: International Dance Day
  • April 30: Ayushman Bharat Diwas

Important Days and Dates of May

  • May 1: Worker’s Day (International Labour Day), Maharashtra Day
  • May 3: Press Freedom Day
  • May (1st Sunday): World Laughter Day
  • May (1st Tuesday): World Asthma Day
  • May (2nd Sunday): Mother’s Day
  • May 4: Coal Miners Day; International Firefighters Day
  • May 7: World Athletics Day
  • May 8: World Red Cross Day; World Thalassaemia Day
  • May 11: National Technology Day
  • May 12: International Nurses Day
  • May 15: International Day of the Family
  • May 17: World Telecommunication Day; World Hypertension Day
  • May 18: World AIDS vaccine Day; International Museum Day
  • May 21: National Anti-Terrorism Day
  • May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
  • May 24: Commonwealth Day
  • May 31: Anti-Tobacco Day

Important Days and Dates of June

  • June 1: World Milk Day
  • June 3: World Bicycle Day
  • June 4: International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
  • June 5: World Environment Day
  • June (3rd Sunday): Father’s Day
  • June 8: World Ocean Day
  • June 12: Anti-Child labor Day
  • June 13: International Albinism Awareness Day
  • June 14: World Blood Donor Day
  • June 20: World Refugee Day
  • June 21: International Day of Yoga
  • June 23: United Nations Public Service Day
  • June 26: International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

Important Days and Dates of July

  • July 1: Doctor’s Day
  • July 6: World Zoonoses Day
  • July 11: World Population Day
  • July 17: World Day for International Justice
  • July 18: International Nelson Mandela Day
  • July 28: World Hepatitis Day

Important Days and Dates of August

  • August (1st Sunday): International Friendship Day
  • August 6: Hiroshima Day
  • August 8: World Senior Citizen’s Day
  • August 9: Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day, International Day of the World’s Indigenous peoples.
  • August 15: Indian Independence Day
  • August 12: International Youth Day
  • August 19: Photography Day, World Humanitarian Day
  • August 29: National Sports Day

Important Days and Dates of September

  • September 2: Coconut Day
  • September 5: Teacher’s Day; Sanskrit Day
  • September 8: International Literacy Day
  • September 14: Hindi Diwas
  • September 15: Engineers Day; International Day of Democracy
  • September 16: World Ozone Day; International Day for preservation
  • September 21: Alzheimer’s Day; Day for Peace & Non-Violence (UN)
  • September 22: Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
  • September 23: International Day of Sign Languages
  • September 26: Day of the Deaf; World Contraception Day
  • September 27: World Tourism Day; World Maritime Day
  • September 29: World Heart Day
  • September 30: International Translation Day
  • September (Last Saturday): World Rivers Day

Important Days and Dates of October

  • October 1: International Day of the Elderly
  • October 2: Gandhi Jayanthi; International Day of Non-Violence
  • October (First Monday): World Habitat Day
  • October 4: World Animal Welfare Day
  • October 8: Indian Air Force Day
  • October 9: World Post Office Day
  • October 10: National Post Day; World Mental Health Day
  • October 11: National Girl Child Day
  • October (2nd Thursday): World Sight Day
  • October 13: UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
  • October 14: World Standards Day
  • October 15: World Students Day; World White Cane Day (Guiding the Blind)
  • October 16: World Food Day
  • October 24: UN Day; World Development Information Day
  • October 30: World Thrift Day
  • October 31: National Unity Day

Important Days and Dates of November

  • November 5: World Tsunami Day
  • November 7: National Cancer Awareness day
  • November 9: Legal Services Day
  • November 14: Children’s Day; Diabetes Day
  • November 17: National Epilepsy Day
  • November 20: Africa Industrialization Day
  • November 21: World Television Day
  • November 29: International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People

Important Days and Dates of December

  • December 1: World AIDS Day
  • December 2: National Pollution Control
  • December 3: World Day of the Handicapped
  • December 4: Indian Navy Day
  • December 7: Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
  • December 10: Human Rights Day; International Children’s Day of Broadcasting
  • December 11: International Mountain Day
  • December 14: World Energy Conservation Day
  • December 16: Vijay Diwas
  • December 18: Minorities Rights Day (India)
  • December 22: National Mathematics Day
  • December 23: Kisan Divas (Farmer’s Day) (India)
  • December 24: National Consumers Day
  • December 25: Christmas Day

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